Adopted Children Have the Right to Know the Identities of...

Every day children are born to parent’s that give them up for adoption for one reason or another. This reason usually plays an important role in determining whether the biological parent(s) want their identities known by the child. Although the reason may be fundamental to the parents in shaping whether they choose yes or no, its value should not take precedence over the fact that adopted children have the right to know the identities of their birth parents. Many practical reasons play a part in this argument, one of which is the knowledge of their medical histories. Researchers, Kowal and Schilling reported that 75% of individuals studied were looking for their medical history either for themselves or for the sake of their children†¦show more content†¦Everyone wants to know who they are and where they are from. This information fulfills the need to belong, and to feel a part of something or someone. Wondering about physical similarities, such as, do I resemble anyone in my birth family, do I have brothers or sisters out there, or where did I get my curly red hair is just some of the questions adoptee’s need answers for. The answer to whether the adoptee has siblings may be one of the most important bits of information available to them. This is because; in 2008 one of the most shocking stories was broke to the world by newscasters in the United Kingdom. â€Å"Twins who were separated at birth married each other without realizing they were brother and sister†, says Fiona Barton of Mail Online (Barton, 2008). The marriage was eventually annulled by a judge of the High Court. During this painful process it was disclosed to the judge by the couple that â€Å"Neither knew they had a twin and when they met as adults they did not realize they were related but felt an inevitable attraction† (Barton, 2008). According to Lord Alton, an associate of the judge that heard the case, â€Å"It was only after they married that they became aware of the â€Å"appalling† truth. Lord Alton and his supporters want the genetic history of a child recorded on its’ birth certificate, becaus e if you start trying to conceal someone’s identity, sooner or later the truth will come out† (Barton, 2008). Again,Show MoreRelated Adopted Children Should Know T Essay562 Words   |  3 Pages â€Å"Giving birth is like pulling your lower lip over your head† -Carol Lucawikz When a mother gives birth to her child it is the ultimate bonding experience. And when a mother gives her child up for adoption, it is a selfless act for the child’s best interests, but not a painless one. Every parent that is involved in an adoption arrangement will wonder and worry about their child for many days of many years. Curiosity is powerful, and it is not uncommon to long to be reunited with one’s own fleshRead MoreTo Know or Not to Know Essay824 Words   |  4 PagesTo Know or Not to Know Every day children are born to women give birth to children that they have to give up for adoption for one reason or another. This reason usually plays an important role that determines whether the biological parent(s) want to stay in contact with the child and to be a part of his/her life. Although this reason may be very significant to the biological parents, it will most likely mean nothing to the child. Adopted children have the right to know the identities of theirRead MoreFamily Of Origin And Our Family Culture Essay1681 Words   |  7 PagesThe term Family of Origin refers to the family that you grew up in - your parents and siblings, your original family. It may also include grandparents, other relatives, or other individuals who lived with you during part of your childhood. From our family we learn how to communicate, deal with our emotions, and get our needs met. We also learn many of our values and beliefs from our families. We often develop our sense of self in the co ntext of our family of origin. Our family of origin or ourRead MoreThe Effects of Adoption on a Family Essay1156 Words   |  5 Pagessupport to sustain life after birth. The causes for a family to make a heartfelt decision to place a child for adoption can have dramatic effects on the birth parents, adoptive parents, and child (Adoptee), even if the decision is meant for the best. The birth parents are affected by the thought of loss of a child due to the adoption placement procedure during pregnancy because their unplanned arrival of a child and life plans will take an unexpected turn as new parents. A struggle takes place mostlyRead MoreAdoptees Began The Adoption Reform979 Words   |  4 Pagesconsists of the adoptee, adoptive parents, and biological parents. In a closed adoption, the adoptee is not allowed access to medical records and does not know their birth parents. Prior to the reform, people did not consider the ethical or moral problems that would arise from these kind of adoptions. The belief was that sealed records would protect everyone, but this is not the case. As adoptees grew into adults, the demand for more information on their birth parents increased. This led to the debateRead MoreAdoption and Parent775 Words   |  4 Pagespractice where the rights of biological parent(s) to the child are transferred to foster parent(s) permanently. Ado ption of a child usually would take place at a tender age of the child’s life, so the child wouldn’t know of ever being adopted. Although this depends on if the child’s foster parents reveals to them the information of them being adopted. Usually a biological parent putting their child in foster care or up for adoption is all in good reason. Some of them could be; the parent(s) at the timeRead MoreEssay about Arguments for Open Adoption Records1721 Words   |  7 Pagesis whether birth records should be open or closed to adoptees. With this issue comes strong feelings on both sides. In most states adoption records are fully sealed and inaccessible, unless the adoptee petitions the court. In 16 states these records are fully or partially available upon request with no court involvement, and also may depend upon when you were born. In a few states records are completely prohibited and the adoptee will never have any access to them. Alaska and Kansas have always madeRead MoreClosed Adoption : A New Home864 Words   |  4 Pageshis mom and put into the system. He was somehow adopted and never seen again, nor has any information been given out to our family to help locate him. He had entered closed adoption, which is an irreversible system where parents give up their rights to know any information and right to ever take part in their children s lives. The child is given a new home and grows up thinking the family raising them is their biological relatives. They never know anything about their true family or where they comeRead MoreOpen or Closed Adoption: What is Your Choice? Essay1587 Words   |  7 Pagesparental rights and obligations from one family to another. The adoptive parents assume all responsibilities of raising the child legally and financially, therefore severing all ties to the biological parents. The difference between a closed adoption and open adoption is when birthparents and the adoptive parents know nothing of each oth er. Records are usually sealed until the child becomes of age and chooses to open them. An open adoption is when the birthparents and the adoptive parents meet eachRead MorePersuasive Essay On Adoption871 Words   |  4 Pagesmany different issues that need to be considered. Adoption is an amazing gift for couples who are unable to have children. There are many problems that couples face when they cannot conceive. It is heart-wrenching for couples who need to endure years of trying and hoping, only to see their efforts fail or end in miscarriages. Thankfully, there is a way for these childless couples to become parents through adoption. â€Å"There are approximately 1.5 million adoptees under the age of 18 years in the United

The Crucial Role of Native Americans Essays - 740 Words

For the better part of American history, the Indians have been viewed and portrayed as dimwitted, helpless victims that aimlessly stood by while the Europeans conquered their land, but this view has recently come under fire and has been overturned, as it was determined to be misleading and inaccurate. Two historians that have questioned the legitimacy of past beliefs regarding the Indians are Charles Mann and James Axtell. Each has made it plainly clear in their articles that the actions of Indians should no longer be treated as useless footnotes on the pages of history. While their articles are on seemingly different subjects, their views and beliefs on the importance of Indians in American history are incontrovertibly the same as both†¦show more content†¦Tisquantum was using the oblivious Europeans for his own means, and although he never achieved his goals, it is worth pointing out that he had ulterior motives for aiding the Pilgrims in their time of need. Mann does a go od job of supporting his opinion and showing that Indians were not just aloof and passive but conniving and manipulative like their European counterparts. Unfortunately, in the end all the planning and trickery in the world couldn’t have saved the Indians as they were just simply outnumbered and technologically inferior to the Europeans. James Axtell wrote the article entitled, â€Å"Colonial America Without the Indians† and it goes into extreme detail to pinpoint the impact that the Indians had on American history. Axtell picks out important events that irrefutably made the U.S. the country it is today and shows what may have happened had the Indians not been in existence. For example, America may not have been settled as quickly if not for the Indians because explorers wouldn’t have known of the hidden gold and silver deposits, many early settlements would likely have failed without knowledge and support from the Indians, and guerilla warfare was practically t aught to the Americans by the Indians and became a central piece in the winning of the American Revolution. Most importantly, however, contact with the Indians helped â€Å"Americanize† the settlers. It was the changes in the European culture brought on by the IndiansShow MoreRelatedThe French and Indian War and the American Revolution771 Words   |  3 Pages At a surface level, historical accounts of The French and Indian War and the American Revolution are presented as wars between two sides: The British versus the French and the British verus the Americans, respectively. In each war the aforementioned opposing sides held the most crucial roles in each battle that these wars lead to. However, in this essay I will argue the crucial role of allies of each victorious side and how they were incredbily useful to the defeats of the British in the wildnernessRead MoreThe Corps Of Discovery And The Native Americans1750 Words   |  7 PagesPacific Ocean. This expedition was led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. During their adventure, the group encountered many hostile Native American groups, and if not for Sacagawea, these tribes would have surely jeopardized their operation. Due to her role as a helpful guide, Sacagawea was crucial in the encounter between the Corps of Discovery and the Native Americans because she negotiated and traded between the groups, functioned as a peace token, and served as an interpreter. Sacagawea was bornRead MoreSome of the Puritan Beliefs that Led to Tensions, Conflicts and Concerns among the Coonists and/or Native Americans927 Words   |  4 PagesSome of the Puritan Beliefs that Led to Tensions, Conflicts, and Concerns among the Colonists and/or Native Americans The Puritans were a distinct group of individuals who performed religious actions. They emerged within the England church in the mid-16th century. These people shared a conjoint Calvinist theology as well as the common Anglican Church criticisms and the English government and society. The Puritans’ population grew steadily, hence culminating in the 1640s English Civil War and theRead MoreAncient History Gender Stratification Balanced On One Crucial892 Words   |  4 Pagesancient history gender stratification balanced on one crucial fact: women have children and men cannot. This automatically increases their value. As the society moves farther away from the risk of annihilation, the roles of the females trend towards the domestic sphere where the primitive hunter-gatherer society requires a greater contribution from girls to survive. Gender roles within particular cultures such as the Asian, African, and Native American societies varied depending on the means of garneringRea d MoreThe Stereotypes Of Indigenous Peoples1536 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen many stereotypes regarding Indigenous peoples. One of the most significant stereotypes regarding Native Americans is that they are â€Å"uncivilized† humans, or to some even, subhuman. To the European explorers and settlers Civilization was classified as being Christian and following the Christian way of life. Anything else that was worshiped besides God was deemed demonic and evil. Another crucial point of being civilized, was following the European social structure, which means a patriarchal societyRead MoreLife In The New World Essay1222 Words   |  5 Pagesworld-wide crucial time period, the life of Native Americans in todays continental United States, what we encounter is a vast land consisting of various tribes with distinctive cultures, lifestyles and religious beliefs with obviously one thing in common, savagery. As the Europeans started to settle, the Colonial period began, different civiliz ations clashed with each other which changed the society, economics, and politics for several reasons, affecting the lives of European-Americans, African-AmericansRead MoreHow The Fur Trade Changed Western Part Of Canadian History1449 Words   |  6 PagesMetis women played a role as instrumental as men in the fur trade between Europeans and First Nations, their functions have often been ignored. However, it must be admitted that the fur trade success cannot be accomplished without the participation of Native and Metis females. Firstly, intermarriages which also can be called a la facon du pays between First Nation women and males who were French Canadians, British, American and Indian employees of the fur trade companies was crucial in the fur tradeRead MoreThe Positive Fiscal Influence Of Gambling On The American Economy1084 Words   |  5 PagesThe positive fiscal influence of gambling on the American economy, both locally and at the federal level, minimizes its negative aspects. The advantages of gambling are numerous and the revenue gained lends aid to a diverse group of programs from education to infrastructure. With advances in technology gambling is more lucrative than ever and is a source of jobs for millions of people as well as major source of income for the nation’s Native American tribes. Major tourist destinations such as AtlanticRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian, By Sherman Alexie1391 Words   |  6 PagesMatthew Murphy Nyquist English-5 30 April 2015 Reservations or Restrictions According to 2010 US Census projections, 22% of our nation’s 5.2 million Native Americans live on reservations or tribal land. This may not seem to be an alarming statistic to most people. However, upon further examination of the living conditions, education, and life-altering effects that go along with living on an Indian reservation, this statistic may appear slightly more alarming. The effects of growing up on a reservationRead MoreWomen Of The Shadow Of Men As Second Class Citizens1493 Words   |  6 Pagesfor centuries. However, in many countries and tribes, some women have been looked upon as equals, instead of existing in the shadows waiting on men. Then again, several tribes and countries such as the United States of America’s Native American, African American, Euro-American, and Africa’s countries Nigeria, Benin, Niger, Rwanda, Ghana, and Sierra Leone have overcome obstacles to create strong, able female leaders that rule universities, colleges, busin esses, and countries judicially. The women from

Clay Beats Liston February 25 1964 Essay free essay sample

Clay Beats Liston: February 25, 1964 Essay, Research Paper # 8220 ; Clay Beats Liston: February 25, 1964 # 8243 ; From the histories of assorted Kentucky newspapers, I was able to larn a few facts about Cassius Clay, subsequently known as Muhammad Ali, every bit good as the attitudes of his fellow Kentuckians. The first thing I noticed in all the newspapers that I viewed was that about all the articles written about the battle were written by authors from either the Associated Press ( AP ) or United Press International ( UPI ) . This displayed three things about the Kentucky imperativeness, foremost the belief that Clay # 8217 ; s battle was non of import plenty to cover themselves, secondly that the newspapers likely did non do adequate money to direct their ain newsmans down to Miami Beach, and eventually the localisation of the newspapers # 8217 ; audiences. Another facet of the battle is the consequence it had on Kentucky society, particularly the athleticss scene. I chiefly noticed that about all the documents used studies from the Associated Press and the United Press International, even the ( Louisville ) Courier-Journal, one of Clay # 8217 ; s hometown newspapers, used studies from the Associated Press. The lone articles that were non written by a member of the Associated Press were the really rare columns written about the battle. The usage of studies from the AP and the UPI shows that most newspapers did non believe the battle was really newsworthy. Merely one newspaper published an article that was non written by a member of the Associated Press or the United Press International, nevertheless that one article was an column about Cassius Clay # 8217 ; s new found wealth and non the existent battle. The deficiency of coverage besides proves that even though inkinesss were supposed to be equal to Whites, that in world accomplishments by inkinesss and Whites were treated otherwise. None of the newspapers that I read displayed a big image or headline proclaiming that Cassius Clay was the new heavyweight title-holder of the universe. Most newspapers had an mean sized headline saying that Clay was the new title-holder, but none had an article about him on the front page. This farther illustrates that accomplishments by inkinesss were believed to be less of import than the accomplishments of Whites. I saw about the same sum of articles on high school hoops, as I did on the battle. Although I am non surprised by the fact that high school hoops received about a page of coverage, I am alarmed by the fact that this one page of coverage on hoops was the same sum of coverage for the pugilism lucifer. The narratives by Associated Press and United Press International illustrate two more facts about Kentucky during the 1960 # 8217 ; s, chiefly that most of Kentucky # 8217 ; s newspapers were excessively hapless to direct their ain newsmans to Miami Beach, and furthermore that the audience was really localised to events either in their ain metropolis or the province of Kentucky. Although I am non surprised that newspapers such as the Paducah Sun-Democrat or Bo wling Green’s Park City Daily News did non send newsmans to Miami, I was surprised that newspapers like Louisville # 8217 ; s Courier-Journal and the Lexington Herald, which have a much larger circulation, did non direct even one newsman from their staff to cover the battle. The absence of newsmans from the ( Louisville ) Courier-Journal and the Lexington Herald proves that even the newspapers from the major metropoliss in Kentucky had a really localized audience. The localisation of intelligence frequently prevented readers from larning about the universe that surrounds them, particularly from personal businesss of other towns. For illustration, if the Lexington Herald merely wrote studies about the events set uping the metropolis and a few major events that would consequence the full province, it would be possible that something occurred in Paducah that might non be reported in Lexington for several yearss, even months. The localisation in rural countries such as Paducah and Bowling Green is non surprising, but when urban topographic points like Louisville and Lexington localize their intelligence many of import events in other countries of the province could non be reported for an drawn-out period of clip. The most of import consequence of Cassius Clay get the better ofing Sonny Liston is the arrangement of Kentucky, and specifically Louisville on the map of pugilism. For many old ages there were legion packaging gyms in and around Louisville that produced great recreational combatants. Unfortunately, they were ignored by the national media until Cassius Clay, who was a merchandise of such gyms, defeated Sonny Liston for the heavyweight title. When Clay won the gold decoration in the 178-pounds division in the 1960 Rome Olympics Louisville # 8217 ; s gyms gained some acknowledgment for bring forthing Clay, nevertheless they were non to the full recognized until 1964 when Clay beat Liston. Clay # 8217 ; s triumph made the gyms in Louisville more popular as more and more young persons flocked to the gyms in the hopes of one twenty-four hours going heavyweight title-holder of the universe. Although none of these childs would of all time win the heavyweight title, their attempts in the ring made Louisville one of the centres of recreational pugilism. Overall from my research I learned about the different attitudes of people in the 1960 # 8217 ; s versus the 1990 # 8217 ; s. I besides realized that Kentucky newspapers about ever localize their intelligence and barely publish national or international intelligence articles that do non come from the Associated Press or some other intelligence bureau. I now understand why Kentucky is so far behind the other provinces, it is because Bluegrass staters are merely exposed to intelligence that affects them and cipher else. Most Bluegrass staters could non care about what is happening in Bosnia, nor do the newspapers report what is happening at that place, which isolates Kentucky from the remainder of the universe. ( 1 ) Courier-Journal, [ Louisville ] , Feb. 26, 1964, p. 3. ( 2 ) Lexington Herald, Feb. 26, 1964, p. 9. ( 3 ) Paducah Sun-Democrat, Feb. 26, 1964, p. 10-B. ( 4 ) Park City Daily News, [ Bowling Green ] Feb. 26, 1964, p. 9, 20.

Negative Expectations And The Film While You Were Sleeping Essays

Negative Expectations And The Film While You Were Sleeping Negative Expectations and the film While You Were Sleeping Everyday people feel the effects of other's and society imposed ways to act or perform in daily actives. These imposed way are called expectations. Expectations can help people live up to there potential, act politely, finish projects, spend more time with family, and many other things that yield a positive outcome. Unfortunately, expectations are not always positive. Often these imposed expectations lead individuals into unhealthy stereotypes, sexism, sudden career choices, nonproductive relationships, little self-esteem and many other adverse results. The film While You Were Sleeping displays how one self, traditions, societies and others expectations can all intertwine and become a maze of lies, false hope, self-fulfilling prophecies and confusion. The film takes place in Chicago during the early nineties. Lucy Eleanor Moderatz is a lonely, single, Thirty year old orphan who works at the el-train taking fares. Everyday she ?sits in a booth like a veal (While You Were Sleeping)? and watches the commuters come and go. She soon falls in love with a commuter that she has never talked to. Peter Callaghan is a stereotypically arrogant businessman who everyone loves. On Christmas day, Lucy finds herself witnessing Peter being mugged, and then thrown onto the train tracks of a quickly approaching train. Lucy saves Peter from the train and he is taken to the hospital in a coma. When Lucy checks up on Peter in the hospital a nurse assumes Lucy is his fianc?e and introduces the family to her under that pretense. Peter's family has heard of Peter's fianc?e, but has never talked to or been introduced to her, so they welcome her fully into the family unaware that the two have never met. Lucy is swept away by the idea and the acceptance of the family and does not reveal that she is not the real fianc?e, who happiness to be away in Paris on business. Soon Saul, Peter's Godfather, finds out the truth but encourages Lucy to play along to keep the family moral up. This is all taking place while Jack Callaghan, Peter's blue-collar brother and Lucy fall in love with each other. By the end of the movie, all is figured out and Jack and Lucy are married but not before some unhealthy expectations, awkward situations and conclusions are discovered. Negative self-expectations are when a person has an ?ideal or predetermined way imposed on them that is not rational or probably. (Bentley 257).? Negative self-exceptions often occur when one does not think ahead, but acts suddenly, leading to generalizations and stereotyping. In addition, these expectations give the person an unreal image of themselves. People are lead to believe that they are inadequate in comparison to others because they do not measure up to a self-imposed standard. The standard is so stringent that no one can fully live up to it. Strict self-expectations cause anxiety, which can lead to panic attacks, and even hart attracts (Talbot 339). As well, these expectations are also unjust and thought of without proper justification (Bentley 260). Lucy Moderatz has negative self-expectations of herself, which lead her to be shy, and rarely out going. She seas Peter Callaghan everyday and watches his every move but she never approaches him. Lucy is a good example of the negative half of the success-begets-success idea. If an individual get off to a successful start in life, they will tend to continue to be successful; if they start off as a failure, they will tend to be one again and again (Stotland 66). Lucy feels that she has struck out with men before and she will again. This expectation of failure leads her not to attempt an encounter with Peter. Success and failure in one area often shows up in other areas. The success-begets-success idea articulates that soon Lucy will not reach out to any new people whether she wants to procure a romantic relationship with them or not due to her past rejections (66). Success-begets-success is closely related to self-fulfilling prophecies. A self-fulfilling prophecy transpires when ?a false definition of the situation evokes a new behavior which makes the originally false conception come true (Merton 426).? Once an expectation is

Shopping at a Mall or Shopping Online Essays

Shopping at a Mall or Shopping Online Essays Shopping at a Mall or Shopping Online Essay Shopping at a Mall or Shopping Online Essay Shoppers often wonder if there is enough time during the day to accomplish all the tasks that remain and need to be accomplished. Shoppers often feel overwhelmed by all the chores set during the day that leaves one with no time go to the mall with friends and relax or buy necessary items for themselves. Some office people find that they do not have time to get to the mall before it closes in order to complete necessary personal errands.   These are the people who find tremendous benefits that come from online shopping. But, there are also various social sectors with opinions that both support or oppose online shopping in favor of mall shopping.There is a big difference between shopping online and seeing a PhotoShop picture of the product he or she is interested in and actually going to the mall and getting a chance to try the product and compare product quality. Mall shopping has a more personal feel to purchasing items because he or she actually gets to tal k to a real live person and inquire about the product that interests him. There is also the instant gratification of being able to return home the same day or night with the much-needed product on hand. One must not forget that it is also easier for shoppers to bring the item back to the mall for replacement when necessary.There are also health benefits involved with mall shopping. Doctors often recommend that the elderly or people with heart ailments go to the mall and shop in order to gain some much-needed exercise without really exercising. They believe that mall shopping is the best method of exercise as shoppers rarely notice the time they have spent walking and climbing the mall using stairs, escalators, and elevators while they shop. Hence the term shop till you drop. Dont forget that there are also certain specialty stores that like to keep their exclusivity by not having an online counterpart. But perhaps the most notable benefit of shopping the mall is the social interacti on involved that allows relationships and bonds between friends and family to prosper.In the meantime, it must also be pointed out that online shopping provides major benefits for shoppers. It is much more convenient to shop online because their stores are open 24 hours a day, seven days a week. They accommodate the shopping schedule of the buyers instead of the buyers accommodating their store hours. The online stores also carry all sizes in stock therefore getting the correct size is never a problem for their buyers. There are even auction sites where they can search and compare prices in order to get the best deals on certain items.Online shopping also has its own drawbacks that limits the shopping pleasure people can derive from it. For example, the online shoppers are limited buying items in blind faith because they cannot touch or feel the item that they want to buy. There is no immediate gratification found in purchasing an item because the buyer has to wait for the item to b e shipped to him. The buyer also has to pay extra for shipping fees most of the time. From the economic point of view, online shopping saves the shoppers the cost of gasoline and parking. It also limits the buying power of their clientele because they will not allow people to pay with cash. These stores often require credit cards, debit cards or electronic cash payments such as PayPal.It is very important to consider all these factors in order to decide upon which shopping method will best suit the situation and need of the shoppers. There will also be times when shoppers will end up combining both shopping styles in order to accomplish a task. Mall shopping has more social benefits when compared to online shopping. Online shopping seems to be the more expensive shopping method because of the shipping fees involved. In the end, they will have to decide on the proper shopping method for themselves.

How to Find the Subject of a Sentence

How to Find the Subject of a Sentence In English grammar, a subject is one of the two main parts of a sentence. (The other main part is the predicate.) The subject is sometimes called the naming part of a sentence or clause. The subject usually appears before the predicate to show (a) what the sentence is about, or (b) who or what performs the action. As shown below, the subject is commonly a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase. Types of Subjects A subject may be one word or several words. The subject may be just a single word: a noun or a pronoun. In this first example, the proper noun Felix is the subject of the sentence: Felix laughed. In the next example, the personal pronoun he is the subject: He laughed. The subject may be a noun phrase - that is, a word group made up of a head noun and any modifiers, determiners (such as the, a, her), and/or complements. In this example, the subject is The first person in line: The first person in line spoke to the television reporter. Two (or more) nouns, pronouns, or noun phrases may be linked by and to make a compound subject. In this example, the compound subject is Winnie and her sister: Winnie and her sister will sing at the recital this evening. A Note About Subjects in Questions and Commands In a declarative sentence, as weve seen, the subject usually appears before the predicate: Bobo will return soon. In an interrogative sentence, however, the subject usually appears after a helping verb (such as will) and before the main verb (such as return): Will Bobo return soon? Finally, in an imperative sentence, the implied subject you is said to be understood: [ You] Come back here. Examples of Subjects In each of the following sentences, the subject is in italics. Time flies.We will try.The Johnsons have returned.Dead men tell no tales.Our school cafeteria always smelled like stale cheese and dirty socks.The children in the first row received badges.The birds and the bees are flying in the trees.My little dog and my old cat play hide-and-seek in the garage.Could you carry some of these books?[You] Go home now. Practice in Identifying Subjects Using the examples in this article as a guide, identify the subjects in the following sentences. When youre done, compare your answers with those below. Grace cried.They will come.The teachers are tired.The teachers and the students are tired.His new toy is already broken.The woman in the back of the room asked a question.Will you play with me?My brother and his best friend are forming a band.Please be quiet.The old man at the head of the line was  holding a Darth Vader  lightsaber. Below (in bold) are the answers to the exercise. Grace  cried.They  will come.The teachers  are tired.The teachers and the students  are tired.His new toy  is already broken.The woman in the back of the room  asked a question.Will  you  play with me?My brother and his best friend  are forming a band.[You]  Please be quiet.The old man at the head of the line  was  holding a child  by  each hand.

Separation of Powers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Separation of Powers - Essay Example the courts of law, according to the recognized and established laws. The separation of powers of the varied aspects of the state that are the legislature, executive and the judiciary is the strongest possible safeguard against the concentration of power and authority in any one single pillar of the British democracy. The separation of powers is also the best possible protection against the possibility of misuse or manipulation of power by specific individuals, groups or institutions for achieving vested interests and gains, to the detriment of the will of the citizens.2 However, realistically speaking, the separation of the powers in Britain is at the best partial and the British state suffers from a blatant overlapping of powers in between the executive, legislature and the judiciary. Much needs to be done before the UK has a satisfactory separation of powers. Separation of Powers: The Concept In a specifically democratic context, the primary role of the varied instruments of state is to protect the rights of the citizens. However, history is replete with examples and instances when the governments went despotic, when the legislature became all powerful and when the judiciary turned corrupt. So, since the dawn of the Western civilization, the political thinkers and philosophers have tried their best to come out with measures and instruments aimed at preventing the pillars of the state power going awry. The concept of separation of powers is actually a model of state governance, in which the authority of the state is segmented into varied branches, with each branch being allocated disparate areas of responsibility and the associated and requisite powers, with no branch enjoying a power greater than any other branch.3 Here, the independence of one branch from other comes with multiple meanings.4 Either it may mean that the selection of each and every branch is independent of other branches or that no branch is dependent on any other branch for its existence. Tra ditionally speaking, the UK being a parliamentary democracy has been more prone to the fusion of powers. This tendency makes the United Kingdom vulnerable to interference by one aspect of the state into the area of authority of the other. A rather more intimidating possibility is collusion between varied aspects of the state. Separation of Powers: Philosophical Background Separation of powers is a concept that has attracted the attention of academicians, philosophers, architects of constitutions, political thinkers and scientists since ages. In a UK specific context, the debate on the separation of powers has mostly hovered around the possibility as to whether the UK’s un-codified constitution is based on the doctrine of separation of powers, in theory and in practice? It is next to impossible to pinpoint the exact genesis of the doctrine of separation of powers. An analysis of the writings of Greek thinkers, say Aristotle, point towards a preliminary version of the doctrine of the separation of powers. In Politics, Aristotle classifies the elements of the state authority, that are deliberative, which meditate and ponder on the issues of common importance, the officials, which practically run the affairs of the state and the judicial, responsible for dispensing

Sociology (Love, Friendship and the Intimate Sphere) Essay

Sociology (Love, Friendship and the Intimate Sphere) - Essay Example This means that love can grow between straight men and women as well as the homosexual and heterosexual individuals. This, in the world of present times, is quite a common occurrence. However the aspect of intimacy can take a U-turn when relationships start getting sour and there are heartbreaks left, right and center which mark the breaking up of these relationships. First we need to understand what the intimate sphere is all about before delving any further into the regime of love, affection and relationships. The intimate sphere speaks volumes of the manner in which intimacy is documented through the physical demonstrations of love, making out and kissing in public and even when the two love birds are alone. [Gordon, 1993] It also means that the two individuals feel strongly about each other so much so that they cannot spend their time without each other’s company. The social and cultural values seem to encircle the intimate sphere in entirety and this cannot be denied its due right in the related scheme of things. An unfortunate thing that has stepped into this intimate sphere is in the form of violence and violent activities being carried out between the members who are in a relationship which suggests that since they feel strongly about the whole linkage, there is an element which tells them from within to go against the norm and sho w hatred, for the time being or forever in one way or the other. What we need to understand is the fact that love means providing comfort and solace to each other rather what we witness these days is more of a violent activity where more and more love means more violent activities happening at different levels and in different relationships as well. It is rightly stated that violence is indeed the companion of the intimate relationships and the same do exist in close proximity of each other, much to the dismay of pure and ever lasting regimes based on love and

Recruitment Methods Essay Example for Free

Recruitment Methods Essay There are many types of recruitment methods that employer chose to target the type of applicants they desire for the open position. I will describe one internal and three external ways to recruit applicants for a high school librarian. I will also describe the advantages and disadvantages of each recruitment method. The first recruitment method for a high school librarian would be through advertisements. By placing advertisements in the local newspaper, on radio broadcasts, and web sites, the school board will be able to reach a larger audience of possible applicants more quickly, especially if the position needs to be filled at once. Another advantage for advertisements is that it highlights the major assets of the position. In addition, advertisements lets the potential applicants know that the high school is an equal opportunity employer. The disadvantage is that people who apply for the position apply with great hopes that the school board will not find a more qualified individual. Thus, the school board takes the chance of receiving more under qualified individual applications. Internet recruiting is another source the school board could use in order to find the most qualified and skillful applicants. It is a cheaper, faster, and potentially more effective way to recruit an applicant. Another advantage for internet recruitment is that web sites such as Monster. com, has a tracking system that can match the job requirements with the experiences and skills with the applicant. Disadvantages to internet recruiting include the loss of potential local â€Å"walk-ins†, less applications, and it puts a limit on recruitment resources and applicants for the school board. The final external way of recruitment the school board would use is the public employment agencies. Each state maintains an employment agency that administers its unemployment insurance program. This gives the school board an advantage because when a position needs to be filled immediately, the agency can refer an individual to them that have the specified skills and experiences for the job. The agency can also assist with any testing, job analysis, evaluation programs, and community wage surveys that would occur with a normal applicant. On the flip side, the applicant must be â€Å"suitable for employment†. Each individual is required to go through a job placement session in order to keep his or her unemployment wages. If an individual sees that they could make more through their unemployment wages, he or she may not interview as well for the position, leaving the school board with no position to fill. I am not quite sure about the advantages of hiring within for a high school librarian, because this position has skills and requirements that are not always the same for those such as a teacher, lunch person, or school bus driver. Yet the advantages for internal recruiting can let the employer capitalize on their investment they made during recruitment, selection process, training, and developing the current employees. The firm can reward their employees for past performances, and use him or her as an example to improve morale for others. Internal recruitment can protect its employees from layoffs and or broaden job experiences. A disadvantage of internal recruitment is that those from within may not always have the desired specialized training, required education, and specific skills needed to fill the position. If a firm relies too much on internal resources, it could lead to inbreeding of ideas and attitudes.

Essay --

Bentley/Vora 1 Lara Bentley and Khushboo Vora ENG 241 M. Ramos December 16, 2013 Women: Weak vs. Strong Women are different from each other and possess strong characteristics, weak characteristics or both. A woman being strong is not always about having physical strength. Being strong of character means you possess traits that can be considered virtues, such as, loyalty, honor, and modesty. Having said this we will look at female characters throughout both Susanna Rowson’s Charlotte Temple and Harriet Jacobs â€Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl† and break down their characters and what strong or weak traits they possess. While Jacobs chooses to make her own path and have a benefactor to try and get herself out of having to survive an awful life in slavery, Charlotte Temple was naà ¯ve and was betrayed by Montraville, treated like a prostitute by Belcour and continued to suffer until she died expecting Montraville to love her again. Considering Jacobs as a strong willed woman, she planned out her future by having children with Mr. Sands rather than trying to escape, which she nearly contributes to her own bondage in the slave world. And Charlotte can be considered a woman with a weak character, because she was not only betrayed but was also tossed to death when no one helped her during her difficult times. Not only Charlotte and Jacobs, but also many supporting characters have these traits presented in their roles, regardless of being thought of as an evil character or not. Bentley/Vora 2 In Susanna Rowson’s Charlotte Temple, Charlotte has fallen under the bad influence of her French teacher, Mlle. La Rue, who attends church services in order to flirt and receive invitations to parties. She takes Charlotte to one, which the girl f... ...nt barely conceives Jacobs as a person, and it is insulting to her that her husband violates the sanctity of the marriage bed to take up with someone she views as naturally inferior. She convinced herself that Jacobs is the main reason for collapsing her happy life than of the fact that her own husband has viciously betrayed her. Jacobs’ â€Å"Incidents in the Life of the Slave Girl† and Rowson’s Charlotte Temple has few common elements. The fact that Charlotte’s character and Jacobs character has quiet similar story in the beginning. A description stating that Charlotte and Jacobs, both come from the happy and loving family and having loving parents. Though, this didn’t really affect the fact that Charlotte was weak where as Jacobs being pictured strong willed in the story. The most obvious similarity Jacob’s story has to Charlotte Temple is her use of direct address.

BSC Implementation process and initiatives Essay

The balanced scorecard is a system that helps business people to become savvy in strategic management. Companies have a life line through this system to make self evaluation and plan for a successful business path. This system was meant to help companies and businesses achieve the best possible results for the business endeavors. BSC has caused ripples among various practitioners across the vast business fraternity at first nobody seemed to have a clue as to how to describe the perspective it sought to create about business operations. The result of these perceptions caused misunderstanding among both proponents and opponents of the system. The system however does not seem to follow the same path as other systems developed before its emergence; it lacks the technical aspect. (Neiger et al, 2009) In any type of business management is a serious concern that needs to be looked in to keenly without prejudice. Management in any company or business plays a major role that cannot be wished away at whatever cost. Where there is good leadership then a business stands to reap fruits; providing a course to prosperity and decent profits. Bad management results in the crippling of business activities as well as the eventual death of a business initiative. What does strategy and operational control entail? In leadership or corporate governance how one runs a business matters a lot; in some aspects it draws parallels between success or profitability and in the worst scenarios may result in losses. Management is seriously intertwined with actions and action measures. A leader has to always monitor stringently the daily performance of the business. Business operations gather moment when a number of aspects are put to play; one is diagnostic measures that are used for controlling processes. The culture that a business relates to or wants to be associated with also may give a pointer as to what direction the company intends to move. Business leaders are also tasked with developing interaction systems in their own jurisdiction that work and translate in to good relations among staff. Policy framework should be established and adhered to knowing very well that boundaries have to be set; any crossing of the lines ramifications are there. Control mechanisms can be tailor made to suit various sc enarios; personal controls may be merged with cultural work practices. (Neiger et al, 2009) What were the efforts undertaken to effect BSC in to BAE? There was an evolution in BAE when the company sought to make a number of changes in the way they did their operations. The company decided to make a shift from their traditional modalities of doing things and sought to make changes in regard to their culture. BAE evolved over a period of time; they moved from a system that was not as coherent as the balanced score card to one that was, the balanced score card. They had a system that embraced the Business Value Scorecard; this is the method that came before balanced score card at the BAE. The BVS approach carried along it the vision that top management at the BAE had set it out to achieve and it came as a welcome relief when their profits margins begun to soar. BVS came in to being because the leadership at BAE wanted a system they deemed sufficient to lead the company in to a smooth changeover and also have the effect of ensuring cultural change takes place. Financial and the non-financial aspects of execution of pillars of the culture were discussed to great lengths by the management. (Eisen, 2000) BAE made strides in terms of its market share in Europe; in the year 1999 the company had become a market leader in Europe. The company deals with making defense equipment and it was during the same year that they got themselves being positioned second largest company in the world. The company is divided in to eight subsections with each making specific items. In the year 1994, the company found itself in a precarious situation whereby despite of the wish to carry out cultural change; they were unable to perform competitively. Members who formed part of the managerial team embarked on an exercise to analyze the weaknesses and the strong points that the company had to showcase. The realization that the company seemed to be stalling pushed the Chief Executive and his team in to action; they brainstormed on how best to make amends before it was too late. (Eisen, 2000) The chief executive and his support decided on modalities on how to push through changes and better work and operational ethics to keep the company head above water. The chief executive also decided to push a raft of measures through; among them was reviewing business practices as well engage experts beyond the company walls to help out. He engaged everyone regardless of rank or position within the company as a means to rectify the situation at hand. (Kaplan and Norton, 2008) Was the approach a success? The company not only made an upward movement in profitability but they were now having functional systems. Employees were able to feel and share in the new changes; they were getting the befitting treatment they deserved. They were also accorded a raft of benefits and the practices at the Human Resource departments were well streamlined and the employee retention level had begun to improve. The changes at BAE were a welcome success and the company is continuously reaping the benefits of those bold steps towards change. (Kaplan and Norton, 2008) References Neiger, D., Churilov, L., Flitman, A., & Rotaru, K. (2009).  Value-focused process engineering: A systems approach : with applications to human resource management. New York: Springer Eisen, P. J. (2000).  Accounting. Hauppauge, N.Y: Barron’s Educational Series. Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (2008).  The execution premium: Linking strategy to operations for competitive advantage. Boston, Mass: Harvard Business Press. Source document

Political and Administrative Theories

John Stuart Mill in his book â€Å"On Liberty† argues that civil liberty is not something that is widely spread out much in human history. He acknowledges that despotism is the government’s legitimate mode in dealing with barbarians towards creating prospects in the future life of the people. He continues to say that once mankind is capable of being controlled by his own improvement through persuasion or conviction, it therefore implies the passive possession of mankind in the modalities of governance.The compulsive style of ruling is no longer a means of rule that may be accepted (John, 1863). Mill argues that an individual’s decision over his own mind and body implies personal sovereignty. It sounds sensible and convincing though there is no simplicity in the issue of liberty. Mill believes that, the only freedom that requires conviction is the one in which we are able to pursue our own good in a way that is of our own desire. This aspect will only be possible when we do not happen to impede or deprive the efforts of others in pursuing their own good.He constantly indicates that there is no deal that is of great to worry or say about liberty prior to the final hurdle that one gets. In many areas and aspects of humanity, liberty is spelt as having various difficulties (John, 1863). In his book, Mill talks about the liberty of discussion and thought. He believes that it is important that every person can give whatever they belief on regardless of how it crushes the majority. Consequently, every person’s voice should be given the opportunity of evaluation since it reflects the conceptions held by an individual.Thomas Huxley `Evolution and Ethics’. Thomas Huxley in his book of evolution and ethics uses the two approaches of serious misapplication and morally repugnant Darwinian Theory to the subject of ethics. He states that a society progresses best through those people who prove themselves ethically and fit physically. In his book, Huxley says that there is a war between the psyches of human within themselves. He further states that humans are alienated in the societies’ moral precepts and in cosmos. They are perceived as important in conflict with the existence of the natural conditions.Huxley however saw the dictates of morality as the key in human future for his success and happiness (Thomas, 1958). He however states that natural selection needs not to be deemed as a mixture of blessing, but as a mixture that is damnable. Additionally, natural selection is not a natural evil. He gives the examples of floods, hurricanes and earthquakes killing people as natural evils. These are evils that are unequivocal, but distinct from a point that is capable of leading us into a condemnatory and a retributive mind frame. Elsewhere, he states that natural selection is neither culpably nor intentionally evil.It is only people’s ways and action that are evil. The natural selection evils are quite sinist er than those which are derived from competition in death or life for necessities that are scarce (Thomas, 1958). It is the perversity that is heightened of evil due to the good of natural selection as found in one organism when compared to the evil of another organism evil. He continues to say that the good of one organism in one respect is its own evil in the respect of another organism. Consequently, anything that has good also posses evil. Reference John Stuart Mill (1863) On Liberty. London, Longmans, Green Reader and Dyer Thomas Haxley (1958) Evolution and Ethics. London, Routledge

Sport Business in Brazil Management Essay

Sport Business in Brazil Management Essay Sport Business in Brazil Management Essay Sport Business in Brazil Management Essay The Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro is scheduled to hold the forthcoming 2016 Olympics, which is the first Olympics on the South American continent. In 2014, Brazil already held the FIFA World Cup. The devotion to these sporting mega-events implies that the country, as well as the City of Rio de Janeiro, will have to work hard. Having hosted one mega-event, the capabilities of the country have already been put to the test. MEGA SPORTING EVENT – RIO DE JANEIRO OLYMPICS The 2016 Olympics will be an opportunity for Brazil to avoid some of the challenges experienced during the preparations for the FIFA World Cup. The mega-event refers to a large-scale event of a worldwide significance, which usually attracts people from almost all corners of the world. The ability of these events to attract millions of people has both negative and positive effects. The 2016 Rio Olympics can boost the economic development of the region if correctly managed. For Brazil, holding the Olympics is similar to taking a business risk in order to earn the benefits of the investment. On the other hand, if poorly managed, the event is likely to become a burden to the host country and cause losses. Effective management and preparation of the sporting mega-events can guarantee success and profits. However, the hope is that the 2016 Rio Olympics will contribute to the economic growth of Brazil. The management of a sporting mega-event requires consideration of the three crucial issue s: the infrastructure of the hosting nation, the security of the hosting country, and financial capability of the organizing body, as well as that of the hosting country. This paper discusses the present situation of Brazil and analyses the management of the event. The crucial aspects of the management that will be considered include the infrastructure, security, and financing. Current Situation of Brazil Brazil has been classified as one of the fastest developing economies (Andersson, Armbrect Lundberg 2008). The country reported considerable development and growth in the last decade despite being hit by the global economic downturn. Nowadays, it is a leading country both in Latin and South America in terms of the economic growth. Moreover, it is among the ten largest world economies (Atkinson et al. 2008). Because of the constantly improving economic growth and global status, Brazil was awarded both the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympics Games. The groundwork for the Rio de Janeiro Olympics has started. Brazil has the chance of learning from the failures and successes of both Greece and Barcelona in hosting the mega events (Walker et al. 2010). Greece is a clear example of the failure in hosting the mega event while Barcelona is an example of success. According to Fourie and Santana-Gallego (2011), the ambitions of holding the Rio Olympic Games might interfere with th e continuous economic growth that the country is hoping. The research has shown that the economic effect of mega-events can be smaller in the developing countries than in the industrialized economies. There is no doubt that the Olympics will create the tourism demand and employment opportunities; it will also strengthen the Brazilian economy to a significant extent. The job opportunities are imminent following the forthcoming 2016 Olympics. The Brazilians living in Rio de Janeiro expect an increase in the labour market with the demand for workers for constructing the Olympic facilities (Curi, Knijnik Mascarenhas 2011). However, the experience of Greece has demonstrated that the overall benefits from the increased tourism traffic will primarily affect the wealthy. The historical analysis of the sporting mega-events have also shown that the development is very uneven and seems to benefit the construction interests and private developers while the leisure sites are developing only for the rich (Walker et al. 2010). According to Haddad and Hahhad (2010), the overall benefits might not influence the middle class and bottom-of-pyramid (BOP) Brazilians without effective management of the sporting mega-events. Consequently, there is an outright necessity to plan regularly, exploit the positives, and counteract the negatives. According to Maennig and Zi mbalist (2012), planning and organizing are indispensable in making Brazil benefit from the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics. Infrastructural Capacity of Brazil to Host the 2016 Olympics The management of sporting mega-events requires an evaluation of the infrastructural capacity of the city/country to hold the events. The International Olympics Committee (IOC) expressed their doubts concerning the infrastructural capacity of Rio de Janeiro to host the Olympic Games (Curi, Knijnik Mascarenhas 2011). The infrastructure refers to the basic ultimate facilities and systems serving the city of Rio de Janeiro. These facilities include the transportation, communication, and power systems among many others. In a typical corporate world, businesses also require these facilities to thrive. The infrastructural capabilities of Brazil were tested by the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Even though Rio de Janeiro hosted some of the matches, it cannot be concluded that the city has adequate facilities for the mega-event. Unlike the World Cup, which takes place in multiple cities, the Olympics takes place in a single city (Andersson, Armbrect Lundberg 2008). Consequently, many people will be concentrated in one place, unlike in the World Cup when people spread over numerous cities. The concentration of people in the City of Rio de Janeiro implies that there will be pressure on the infrastructural facilities during the 2016 Olympics than during the 2014 World Cup. Therefore, the management of the 2016 Rio Olympics should not rely on the previous experience of the FIFA World Cup (Andersson, Armbrect Lundberg 2008). The IOC has set its requirements, which are different from those established by FIFA. The assessment of the pre-Olympics has indicated that about 49750 rooms will satisfy the IOC’s demands (Curi, Knijnik Mascarenhas 2011). The sporting mega-events management also requires planning for the extreme situations. Rio de Janeiro has put in place the necessary plans of using condominium and cruise ships in case of the over demand for accommodation. In terms of transportation, the Brazilian authorities have plans to construct the roads linking the Olympic zones (Fourie Santana-Gallego 2011). Financial Capacity of Rio de Janeiro to Host the Olympics The preparation for the Olympics necessitated the Brazilian authorities to prepare a report on how it will finance the mega-event. Brazil reported that it had allotted about US $240 billion for the 2016 Olympics sporting mega-event (Haddad Hahhad 2010). These finances were allocated from the Federal Governments Plan for Accelerated Growth (PAC). According to Haddad and Hahhad (2010), the federal government has offered the required financial support, educational developments, ecological conversation, and social programs for the poor among the other positive developments. This consideration for the poor implies that the management of the Olympics in Brazil has learnt from the past events, in which the wealthy were the only beneficiaries of the event (Atkinson et al. 2008). Prior to the acceptance of the bid to host the Olympics, the Brazilian government had guaranteed three important things: to cover any possible economic shortfalls of the Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games (OCOG), finance OCOG and non-OCOG budget, and cover any refunds of the IOC advance payments (Curi, Knijnik Mascarenhas 2011). Curi, Knijnik, and Mascarenhas (2011) point out that prior to granting the Olympics, the federal government has to ensure a strong financial backing. Some of the revenue-generating activities expected during the mega-event include sponsorship sales, licensing and merchandising, and ticketing (Atkinson et al. 2008). According to Atkinson et al. (2008), the revenues generated from these activities will be complemented by the broadcast and commercial contributions secured by the IOC (Atkinson et al. 2008). The government or private sector expenditures on the infrastructure have been anticipated to encompass the already committed and continuing investments of about US $4 billion on the following projects: airport and subway construction and enhancement (Maennig Zimbalist 2012). According to the financial analysis of the mega-event, the budget of the OCOG does not presume any capital contribution to the development of the legacy venues, other than for the coverage of the games (Maennig Zimbalist 2012). According to the IOC, the balance of expenditures by OCOG is to be financed by the Brazilian public sector, which involves the funds from the government, state, and federal commitment. The financial plan and operating expenses of OCOG are expected to be about US $2.9 billion (Maennig Zimbalist 2012). The budget included the capital investment in transportation and sports venues (Maennig Zimbalist 2012). The Security Capacity of Rio de Janeiro to Host the Olympics Security is one of the key concerns for the IOC. The Brazilian government has the responsibility of cleaning up the areas deemed insecure in order to make them suitable for numerous tourists (Curi, Knijnik Mascarenhas 2011). However, having hosted the 2014 FIFA World Cup, the government had partly, or wholly, addressed the issues relating to security. Accordingly, Rio de Janeiro is in good time to make numerous improvements before 2016. Curi, Knijnik, and Mascarenhas (2011) point out that the government has initiated some projects to improve the quality and capacity of the police in the preparation for the Olympic bid, as well as the FIFA World Cup. Besides improving the capability and quality of the police force, the Brazilian authorities are using another method in order to fight against the crimes by making international headlines with the invasion of favelas (Walker et al. 2010). For a region to be regarded a favela, it must have at least 51 houses. In other words, favelas refer to slums in Brazil, and often are regarded as settlements for the landless people. As of 2000, Rio de Janeiro had about 811 favelas, but it is likely that the number of them has increased since then (Walker et al. 2010). The slums are a threat to the 2016 Olympics because of the insecurity they pose. The security financing for Rio de Janeiro should necessary cover the employment of the Unidade de Policia Pacificadora (UPP) and other security forces (Andersson, Armbrect Lundberg 2008). According to Fourie and Santana-Gallego (2011), without these forces, the slums can become the areas of drug and child trafficking. On the other hand, in the Brazilian slums, the drug traffickers might enforce the control and order in the community even in the absence of the UPP. The Brazilian government hopes to manage all the slums in Rio de Janeiro before the 2016 Olympics (Ma et al. 2011). This paper has discussed the management of the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Olympics in the light of three crucial factors: finance, security, and infrastructure. Similar to a typical business, the success of Rio de Janeiro Olympics is also affected by the management of these factors. The infrastructure refers to the basic fundamental facilities and systems serving the city of Rio de Janeiro. These facilities include the transportation, communication, and power systems, among many others. In terms of finance, Brazil reported about allocating US $240 billion for the 2016 Olympics sporting mega-event. Some of the revenue-generating activities expected during the Olympics include sponsorship sales, licensing and merchandising, and ticketing. Security is a threat to the event because it might scare off the tourists from attending the event. The effective management of the three factors could result in the economic benefits for the whole country.

Writing Tips How to Use Block Quotes

Writing Tips How to Use Block Quotes Writing Tips: How to Use Block Quotes Quoting sources is crucial in academic writing. It shows you’ve read up on your subject. It also lets you back up arguments with evidence and ideas from other people. But if you’re quoting a long passage of text, there are rules you need to follow to make sure your work is presented correctly. That’s why we’ve prepared this handy guide on how (and when) to use block quotes. What are Block Quotes? Block quotes are longer passages of quoted text that have been set apart from your own writing. This ensures that the reader does not confuse the quoted text with your own writing. A block quote. When Should I Use a Block Quote? Generally speaking, block quotes should be used sparingly. This is particularly true in academic writing, since you need to show you can express your ideas in your own words. However, quoting a longer passage now and then is fine, especially if your arguments rely on how something is worded (e.g., when analyzing a literary text). A good rule of thumb is using a block quote for quotations that are more than 40 words long. If you’re using a particular style guide, though, it might have specific guidelines. For example: System Length Required for Block Quote APA 40 or more words MLA Four or more lines Chicago Five or more lines How to Present Block Quotes The exact rules for formatting block quotes may depend on the style guide you’re using (always make sure to check if you’re not sure). However, there are a few guidelines that apply in most cases: Start the block quote on a new line (typically after a colon or comma) Indent the block of text from the left margin (usually by around half an inch) Don’t use quote marks, but cite the source as usual Indent the first line of each paragraph after the first if quoting more than one After the block quote, simply resume your own text on a new line with standard formatting.

Postsecret Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Postsecret - Essay Example ?t want to go to college; I want to grow shit.’ These pictures are linked to the theme of self esteem which they depict in each of these individuals. Self esteem can be described as how one feels about themselves. Possessing little Regard for one can affect ones general life and even how they view the world (Mc Kay 53). Low self esteem can lead to depression and as a result fall short of their potential (Clarke 60). The belief people have about themselves often appeared to be statements of facts though they are actually only opinions (Schiraldi, 2007). Decision making also depends majorly on how much we value our self since it affects our thinking also becomes biased. Childhood and adolescent stages are always the most affected stages in individual’s life (Clarke 55). The rules of living enable one to function in the world as long as you go by them (Clarke 68). For instance, if you believe you are stupid, your rule of living will automatically be, better not† try†. Since failure is the only possible outcome and the other peers will make you a laughing stock. Therefore, because people live in a diversified society with lots of people, new things and challenges to meet, everyone has to set their own standards. Once this is done, one is able to measure their potential and strive to achieve the goals that bring self-fulfillment to them. The feeling of accomplishing one’s goals can make one to have self-esteem. Otherwise, one would be despaired. In the second picture, the adolescent had bump in right in the face, at a point that he had no way of stopping anyone from noticing it. Since not everyone gets to have this, it tended to draw unnecessary attention towards him giving him a feeling of discomfort. Consequently, his self esteem went down thus ruining his 7th and even 8th grade, creating long time of loneliness and mind destabilization (Fennell 91). The swelling made criticize himself, due to fear of judgment he might have avoided activities that involve

Policy Brief Writing Assignment TOPIC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Policy Brief Writing Assignment TOPIC - Essay Example report, I want to review the research that has been conducted on the causes of crime by children and the effects of children in correctional facilities been allowed to spend time with their mothers. This will help the State of Florida’s criminal justice systems in formulating the right policies that will aid in reducing children crime rate and enhance the impact of correctional facility programs on child criminals. The audience is composed of the governor who is a politician and policy makers who are mainly lawyers, administrators of correctional facilities, parents’ representatives, and interested parties. This audience understands the main goal of CCJ 4497 policy project. Hence, the audience should be addressed using PowerPoint presentations that illustrate and explain in point form the main points of the report. The audience is looking for an explanation and reasons as to why certain measures should be undertaken. It wants to be convinced on what is the best way

Immigration Today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Immigration Today - Essay Example It is best to understand first the three major theories of immigrant and ethnic-group integration. The theories are the classic and new assimilation models, the racial/ethnic disadvantage model, and the segmented assimilation model. West Indies, South Asia, Koreans and Cubans considered as the Black Americans because of their color. They have been a victim of racial discrimination and racism. The classic assimilation theory sees immigrant/ethnic and majority groups following a "straight-line" convergence, becoming more similar over time in norms, values, behaviors, and characteristics. This theory expects those immigrants residing the longest in the host society, as well as the members of later generations, to show greater similarities with the majority group than immigrants who have spent less time in the host society. However, old West Indies remains with their culture and beliefs because of the discrimination and racism they experience from white Americans. The second generation of West Indies were able to adopt their belief and values in education. In employment most of them were engaged in self-employment, to avoid discrimination and racism. South Indians, Koreans and Cubans also believe in self employment because of the same reasons of discrimination and racism. ... West Indies, South Asians, Koreans and Cubans live on a community where most of the same origins stay. They usually live together to ensure that they will have a mutual support in an alien land. Immigrants such as West Indies, South Asians, Koreans and Cubans, to the United States tended to maintain a strong national, cultural, and ethnic identity to their homelands. Barriers usually blocked their assimilation. Because immigrants compare socioeconomic opportunities in the host country to those in their countries of origin, they may not perceive these barriers. However, by the second or third generations, they may realize that the goal of full assimilation may be more difficult and take longer than originally presumed. Segmented assimilation is a combination of the straight line assimilation and the racial ethnic disadvantage model. In this model others have noted that some members of immigrant groups become cut off from economic mobility, others find multiple pathways to assimilation depending on their national origins, socioeconomic status, contexts of reception in the United States, and family resources, both social and financial. They theorize that structural barriers, such as poor urban schools, cut off access to employment and other opportunities - obstacles that often are particularly severe in the case of the most disadvantaged members of immigrant groups. Such impediments can lead to stagnant or downward mobility, even as the children of other immigrants follow divergent paths toward classic straight-line assimilation. The 1965 immigration and nationally act has increased the numbers of Asians and other nationality to migrate in US. The revision of this act has helped the immigrants to lessen the

Exploring teenage pregnancy in the uk

Exploring teenage pregnancy in the uk Sexual Health is a fundamental constituent of health. Teenage pregnancy is an aspect of sexual health which has been of great public health and social importance due to the implications it poses. According to UNICEF (2001), UK has the highest teenage pregnancy rate in Western Europe. This essay will critically analyse the factors that contribute to teenage pregnancy in the UK, that is, socio-economic , education- related factors and as well as risky behaviours. To get a better understating of this topic, effects of teenage pregnancy as well as current strategies, interventions and recommendations for improved care in tackling teenage pregnancy will be discussed. The essay will be concluded with a summary of the literature. Teenage pregnancy can be defined as a term employed to refer to giving birth of young women under 20 which result in live births or abortions ( Ewles 2005). The scale of problem is appalling. Approximately 91,200 conceptions in teenagers take place per year, 7700 among girls under 16 years of age and 2200 among 14 year olds or younger (Chambers et al 2001). Moreover, 46% constitutes to those who have legal abortion and 56% of those aged under 16 years who partake in an abortion. According to Ewles ( 2005), UK teenage pregnancy rates are much higher compared to other European countries, in that, they are five times as high as compared to those in Netherlands, three times as high as compared to France and two times higher in Germany. Teenage pregnancy poses a great public health threat due to the causal link associated with health inequalities. The high rates of abortion and sexually transmitted disease elucidates that young people are not having protected sex and this is supported by the appalling STI rates which are highest in 16-19 year old women ( Baker et al 2007). Furthermore, Elwes ( 2005) states that one in ten sexually active teenagers is infected with a sexually transmitted disease ,illustrating lack of public awareness about sex education, contraception and condom use. In order to tackle teenage pregnancy, it is important to understand the factors that contribute to teenage pregnancy. Research evidence has identified the key risk factors which are acknowledged to be associated with teenage pregnancy. Ewles (2005) states that low expectations is a major factor, where we see there is a significant association between young people from lower-social economic classes and high rates of teenage pregnancy and birth. Lack of employment and disengagement from education or training can potentially give rise to feelings of inadequacy and hoplessness thus goals and aspirations seem unattainable affecting the outlook of ones future. Moreover, according to the survey conducted by the Department for education and skills (2006), low education attainment and leaving school at 16 with no qualifications are evidently independent risk factors of teenage pregnancy. Consequently, parenthood can be perceived as an appropriate approval to gain adulthood status with no employment or educational attainment to show for it. However, the SEU (1999) did not find evidence to support these findings. Ignorance about sex and relationships has been identified as another risk factor. Notwithstanding being surrounded by sexual images and messages from an early age and despite being sexually active, research demonstrates that there is poor knowledge on consensual and safe sexual relationships, contraception and STIs among young people (Ewles 2005). A study conducted by the Health Education Authority (1999) reported that 25% of teenagers aged 14-15 years perceived that the contraceptive pill protected them from acquiring a sexually transmitted diseases which can be exacerbated by myths, such as first sexual experience will not end up in pregnancy, that are apparent in the society. In a nutshell, young people have impractical perceptions on pregnancy and parenthood (SEU 1999). Mixed messages have been associated with teenage pregnancy, given that, children and teenagers in the UK are bombarded by sexual images and messages which can potentially lead one to believing and accepting sex as the norm in the society even at a young age (Ewles 2005). It is argued that in the UK, sex appears to be the custom and relatively necessary, whereas contraception and sexual health awareness is inadequate thus elucidating young people cannot make informed decisions (NHS 2004). Simultaneously, there may be insufficient communication between parents or teachers and young people on sex and contraception thus leaving young people uninformed. Poverty is another factor, where the risk of becoming a teenage mother is approximately 10 times more in girls and women from social class V( unskilled and manual) as compared to women in social class 1 (professional) ( DOH 1999) . Additionally, research evidence illustrates young women who have experienced care or foster and homelessness are at risk as well (Chambers et al 2001). A study reported women in this category are two times at risk of becoming teenage mothers compared to those raised by birth parents (Baker 2007). A complimentary study also found out that approximately 50% of girls leaving care become mothers within 18months to two years ( DOH 1999). A British cohort study conducted in 1970 reported that one of the strongest predictors of teenage pregnancy is being a daughter of a teenage mother because they are 1.5 times at risk as compared to children born of older women (Baker 2007). According to DOH (1999), having a history sexual abuse is identified as a risk factor where we see young people may be reluctant to abstain from sexual pressure subsequent to abuse that ensued. Numerous studies have elucidated the association between mental health disorders and teenage pregnancy, in addition, Maskeys study conducted in 1991 illustrated that a third of young women with conduct disorders become pregnant before the age of 17 ( Baker 2007). Crime is also a factor especially with teenagers who get involved in unlawful activities causing police intervention because they are twice likely to become teenage parents. (Chambers et al 2001). Tyrer et al conducted in a study in 2005 and reported that 39% of young female offenders are teenage mothers even as approximates propose that more than 25% of young male offenders are teenage fathers or fathers-to-be ( Zaplin 2006). Risky behaviours for example early onset of sexual activity and poor contraceptive use are factors associated with teenage pregnancy. The average age of first sexual intercourse has fallen from to 16 ( House Of Commons 2002-3) and girls having sex under 16 are three times more likely to become pregnant that those who have sex over 16 years ( SEU 1999). Approximately 60% of boys and 47 % of girls dropping out of school at 16 with no qualifications engaged in sex compared to 20% for both males ( Baker 2007). Ethnicity has a fundamental link with teenage pregnancy. Consistent with the 2001 census, data on mothers under 19years demonstrated that teenage pregnancy rates are considerably higher among mothers of mixed and black Caribbean, other black and black Caribbean ethnicity (Baker 2007). Early onset of sexual activity is linked to ethnic groups where a survey conducted in East London (Viner and Roberts 2004, ) illustrated that first sexual encounter under 16 was higher among Caribbean men (56%) compared with 30% for black African and 27% for white men and 11% for Indian and Pakistani men. As for women, 30% for both white, black Caribbean, 12% for black African and 3% for Indian and Pakistani women. In addition, poor contraceptive use among specific ethnic groups has been associated with teenage pregnancy (Baker 2007). Having acknowledged the factors and effects associated with high rates of teenage pregnancy, Tony Blair commissioned the Social Exclusion Unit (SEU 1999) to develop a teenage pregnancy strategy, known as the National Teenage Pregnancy Strategy in 1999 ( Ewles 2005). Its main aims were to halve the number of teenage conceptions by 2010 and establish a consistent decline in trend in the under -16 teenage pregnancy rate ( SEU 1999). According to ( Chambers et al 2001 ) , a total of 150 teenage pregnancy co-ordinators were appointed in each local authority area in England, in 2000, who lead the force to execute the Social Exclusion Unit report. Each local area has employed a 10-year strategy, with local under -18 pregnancy rate reduction targets of between 40% and 60%, which strengthens the national reduction target of 50% ( Ewles 2005). As recommended by the SEU(1999) , the main preventative interventions in tackling teenage pregnancy are effective school-based sex and relationships education ( SRE) that are established with the help of local authority, particularly when correlated with contraception use and services. HDA (2004) reported that SRE programmes was highly rated by young people who received it and were positively impacted by the knowledge and decreased the level of report over first sexual intercourse .However, from the UK- based systematic evaluation of SRE programme they found out that the multi-faceted approach had no effect on contraception use and sexual behaviours ( NICE 2004). (DFES) stated that effective education programmes should be focused on mitigating behaviours that cause teenage pregnancy and are based on theory and highlight background information on sexual matters Moreover clear information on use of contraception is necessary and young people should be informed about the risk factors, h ow they can avoid sex as well protection against pregnancy and STIs. Activities that help deal with peer and social pressure are fundamental and how to acquire communication, negotiation and refusal skills by employing participatory teaching methods ( HDA 2004). Ewles ( 2005) argues that abstinence education as recommended by the strategy has proved to be ineffective The strategy stated the need to involve and provide information on prevention to teenagers parents which is fundamental. SEU (1999) recommended that youth Services should involve programmes that integrate a long term, multi-dimensional approach that is a combination of self-esteem building, voluntary work, and educational support (Ewles 2005) and have a clear focus on addressing issues that affect young people for example, sexual health and substance abuse. HDA (2004) states that, the adoption of development programmes has proved to be successful in America and has been elucidated as a competent approach to teenage prevention. Chambers et al (2003) argues that provision of effective sexual health services has been identified as a factor for reducing teenage pregnancy. The DFES (2006) recommended the availability and accessibility of well-publicised contraceptive and sexual health advice services targeted for young people, with a an established responsibility that commits to health promotion work and delivery of reactive service. In addition, engaged and coordinated action among all key mainstream delivery partners who are responsible for reducing teenage pregnancy health , Education, Social services and youth support services as well as the voluntary sector is vital ( Ewles 2005). Moreover, HDA (2004) recommended that practicing confidentiality and having long term provision of services has proved effective in teenage prevention. Another key recommendation is the need for a keen focus on tailored interventions that target young people who are susceptible to teenage pregnancy especially with Looked After Children, that is, those in care and foster ( Acheson 2001 ). The strategy advocated for professionals in partner organisations for example, Connexions, working with the most vulnerable young people need consistent Sexual and Relationship Education training that are readily available ( HDA 2004). Moreover, the national teenage strategy introduced the national media campaign aimed at mitigating myths and provides young with clear and accurate information to make it possible for young people to make informed choices thus reducing teenage pregnancy rates ( Ewles 2005). It recommended that effective information should be clear and unambiguous ( HDA 2004) . The current focus on awareness and education is supported by the two national media campaigns which are ; R U thinking is addressed to young teenagers encouraging them to delay onset of sexual activity and shun peer pressure; Want Respect? Use a condom is targeted at young people who are sexually active by promoting condom use by relating condom use with ones conduct and behaviour that will earn respect from their peer ( DFES 2006). The Teenage Pregnancy Strategys main priority is to reduce under 18 pregnancies by providing young people with ways and incentives to defer parenthood until they able to cope with the challenges that come with it. Nevertheless, the strategy is dedicated to support and reducing the risk of poor outcomes for teenage parents and their children, with a target to increase the participation in education, training or employment of teenage mothers aged 16-19 by 2010 ( DFES 2006). According to the Acheson Report ( 2001) the inequalities faced by teenagers who go on to be mother as compared to older mothers are perturbing because there is an increased likelihood they have mental health problems, especially, post-natal depression; are 50% likely to breast feed as well as have a higher occurrence of smoking during pregnancy and experience relationship breakdown . In addition, when they become older, say in their thirties, it is evident that they are more likely experience poverty, be subjected to unemployment, lack qualifications and live on benefits which makes them susceptible to get trapped in the poverty cycle which can potentially lead to a poor adult life.( Ewles 2005). Children born of teenage parents are 60% more at risk of infant mortality and can possibly die in their first year, 25 more at risk be conceived with a low birth weight, are particularly at much higher risk of growing up experiencing poverty, poor housing and nutrition for a long haul and are at a greater risk of becoming teenage parents themselves ( Ewles 2005). To prevent poor out comes for teenage parents and their children, the strategy recommends and provides support and interventions that include antenatal and postnatal support where they are provided with impartial information on alternative of parenthood, abortion and adoption and pregnancy testing services as well ( Ewles 2005). They are advised and get help with psychosocial issues for example, anxiety that they may face during and after their pregnancy with the help of youth-friendly maternity services characterised by tailored models of care ( Chambers et al 2005). Together with providing young parents with development skills in parenthood, the strategy recommends and is committed to provide services that will support them to stay or resume to education, training or employment ( Ewles 2005). This is includes finding preferred courses, getting help with childcare so that young parents can continue with education or work as well as providing them with necessary help for them to remain in school or get alternative methods to continue with education ( DFES 2006). The strategy introduced the Sure Start Plus programme to provide every child with the best start in life by providing education, childcare, health and family support ( National Audit Office). It recommends and recognizes the crucial benefits of a committed personal advisor for teenage parents, who tailors ongoing support packages to meet various individual needs for example housing and financial needs (Ewles 2005). In consistent with the priorities of the strategy in terms of better support, it acknowledges that high quality support to all teenage parents living without family or parents is needed ( DFES 2006). Furthermore, some young mother under 18 can be susceptible to social exclusion when they live without any support, leading to isolation especially when disintegrated from their social support networks, that is, family. The strategy aims to tackle this by providing supported housing to all under 18 lone parents who cannot live at home or with their partner and are provided with suitable needs ( Ewles 2005). This reduces the detrimental effects of poor housing on health. In conclusion, this essay has discussed the factors that contribute to teenage pregnancy and its impact on public health. Moreover, the implications of teenage pregnancy have been highlighted. The government, through the Social Exclusion unit and the establishment of the National Teenage Pregnancy Strategy , has been involved in tackling teenage pregnancy through joined up action, national media campaign , better support for teenage parents and better prevention as discussed. According to Naidoo and Wills , education and persuasion through mass media campaign may be an effective strategy in tackling teenage pregnancy because these techniques are geared to change peoples behaviours and lifestyles willingly as a result of information, support and advice.. HDA (2004) states that young people should be provided with sufficient education and clear information about all facts of sex and relationships and its implications coupled with confidential and accessible sources of contraceptive ser vices in tackling teenage pregnancy.

John Donne :: essays research papers

Essay on John Donne John Donne, a master at his work, was born some time during the year 1572. The exact date of his birth date is unknown. Donne accomplished many and experienced many things in his life. He got married secretly, went to prison, and wrote many poems that are world known John Donne attended both Oxford and Cambridge universities, and he also attended Lincoln's Inn. At Lincoln's Inn Donne studied law, but never practiced it there after. Donne did not get degrees at any of the universities that he attended, but he did obtain a mind full of knowledge. As Donne grew up as a child, his parents raised him up in a Catholic household. During the 1590's, Donne abandoned Catholicism and looked toward to become an Anglican. In Donne's later years he wrote two Anti-Catholic poems (Pseudo-Martyr and Ignatius his Conclave). Donne later became a preacher. He had a metaphorical style which made him a great preacher. Donne received a degree of divinity from the University of Cambridge and was made a royal chaplain. In 1601 John Donne secretly married a woman by the name of Ann More. This act ruined his employment at that time. Donne was appointed private secretary to Sir Thomas Egerton in 1958. Ann More was, ironically, the niece of Lady Egerton.The secret marriage diminished Donne's hope for his advancement with Sir Thomas Egerton. John Donne was even imprisoned by Sir George More for marrying Ann More. One of the most traumatic experiences that Donne faced was the death of his wife. Ann died while giving birth to a still born in August of 1617. John loved his wife very much and mourned the death of her loss. They were married to each other for fifteen and a half years. Donne pays tribute to her on her grave stone by inscribing words such as "a most excellent and beloved woman, a most loving and chaste wife, a most dutiful and forbearing mother".

Playing dota Essay

There are many students and even some young professional are addicted to Defense of the Ancients or DOTA. This is a kind of computer games that can be played by many players and is one of the most popular games to young students. Many students get addicted to this game and they even long hours inside the computer shop just playing this kind of game. There are studies that getting addicted in playing computer games affects their studies and this is the cause why they are lying to their parents that they need extra money for their school project but the truth is they are just using the money to rent a computer where they can play DOTA with their classmates. Sometimes in order to make the game exciting, they have a deal to pay those who won the game so it becomes already a form of gambling. Sometimes playing DOTA also affects the relationship of people. It sometimes replaced friends and family as the source of a person, emotional life. When a person spends up to ten hours a day or more rearranging or sending files, playing games, surfing the net, visiting chat rooms, instant messaging, and reading emails. That easily can reach up to seventy to eighty hours a week online with the computer. Major social, school or work disruptions will result. We are living in an era of great changes. Change that gives big changes of people lives. Like technology which has brought many changes in education and other discipline of learning. It has bridge the world from one part to another. It has brought people to be closer to each other. It has improved and gives meaning the lives of many people. Braid (1998) said that today, our Information Technology is revolutionizing lifestyles, work styles, and is changing our lives, transforming the organizations in which we work, and transforming the skills needed in order to succeed. Objectives of the study This study may help not only to the students but for all who play DOTA. Through the information we have gather you can see how this playing affects to the lives of many people specifically who play DOTA game. Significance of the Study The results of this study will not only give significant contributions to the IT students but for all who play DOTA, to the teachers and instructor, parents, friends and relatives. To the Teachers and instructor. This study may help you to give advice to the students who play DOTA that playing that game can affect for their health. That may also cause of dropping their subject which cause of coming late to school and not making their assignments, that may also cause of failing the grades to reached. To the parents.

Journal Entry African American Essay

Hello my precious unborn child. I am not really sure where to begin. The doctor is saying that I might not make it through this pregnancy but they will make sure you live to see this crazy world that we live in. I want to make sure that you understand your history and where you come from! What a journey our family has been through. They just don’t make it easy for an African American Family. Here we are and we have struggled just to make it here to the Deep South. We settled here in Ole Miss just like lots of other black folks and you would think that after they freed us from slavery they could just leave us be. I guess I should tell you a little about who we are and what we have been through so you have a clearer understanding. Well it started when we got here. Brought over on ships, our family was slaves to the white folk right here in Mississippi. There have always been stories told. Why, I remember when I was a little girl my grandma telling us the story of Nat Turner. (1998) He went on a rebellion right here in the South. He was on a mission fighting for what he believed in. He may not have gone about it the right way but he fought until his death on October 30, 1831. After that it seemed to be one person after the next until finally Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. This was issued in 1863. (1998)This was a valiant attempt at freeing the slaves here in the United States but it technically only freed slaves in the states that were under the jurisdiction of the Confederacy. You would think that would make things better. Nope! There was a 12 year period after that that they worked hard on trying to make things fair for us. Your great-great-grandma was around through the reconciliation period. She said that we were finally awarded citizenship and in 1870 an amendment went in that stated you could not deny us the right to vote because of our race. (1998) My great-Grandma told us that just when things started looking up†¦It got worse. The Democrats came in and changed everything. They started doing every thing that they could to put us back to having no rights. But we as a race stayed as strong as we could. What you have to remember is that making our way in this world has been and remains a consistent struggle. We made leeway though! A young lady buy the name of Sophia Packard and Harriet Giles were able to establish a college for the â€Å"Negros† as the white folk like to call us. This was the first college for African American females. Spelman College’s goal at the time was merely to teach black women to read and write. And that they have done. But here I sit in 1963. A 33 year old female who isn’t sure what is going to be in her future. They call us free. I have to ask myself daily though, â€Å"Am I really free? † I mean we have separate schools. We eat in separate restaurants. (2010) They give us totally different bathrooms to use and all this is because of the color of my skin. I look at this world and I think to myself, â€Å"I put my clothes on the exact same way as everyone else. † Should the color of our skin really make things so much different for us? Every single day we have leaders out there fighting for what is fair and what is right. Take Martin Luther King for instance. (2007) He is on a mission. He is part of a group called the SCLC. (Southern Christian Leadership Conference) He has made major strides. I mean in Montgomery Alabama the black folks get to ride on the same buses with the same rights as the white folks. I can only hope that by the time that you grow up and are able to read and understand all this that you look at all this and have a hard time believing it. As I sit here and write to you and I look across the street of this tiny little home I live in I see the neighbors and in their front yard is a cross that someone has lit on fire. Why, because today he walked a white girl to school. Rumors started and now everyone knows that this little girl likes him. Yet he is being punished for it. It shouldn’t matter. If there is one thing that you need to know and one thing that I can teach you through this letter it is to be you. Know yourself. Never let anyone tell you that you can not do something. Most importantly, remember that loves has no boundaries. It sees no color. It does not understand hate. It does not segregate nor does it discriminate. I hope that you never have to endure the hardships that we have to endure during these trying times. Always remember to live with no regrets and never look back! I love you with all my heart-. Momma Works Citied Page African American Slavery (1998) Long Island University Retrieved from http://www. liu. edu/cwis/CWP/library/aaslavry. htm#turner Timeline Search for African American History (2010) Google Search Engine http://www. google. com/search? q=african+american+history&hl=en&sa=X&tbo=p&tbs=tl:1,tll:1850,tlh:1899&ei=lrPUS9avLoK78gbfpL3qDw&oi=timeline_histogram_nav&ct=timeline-histogram&cd=8&ved=0CIcBEMkBKAg History of African Americans Information Please Database. (2007) Pearson Education, Inc. Retrieved from http://www. infoplease. com/spot/bhmtimeline. html.